UN Biodiversity Agreement: Nations Adopt 4 Goals, 23 Targets for 2030

Convention on Biological Diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty for the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of biodiversity components, and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic resources that was opened for signature in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and entered into force in December 1993. The CBD enjoys nearly universal participation among countries, with 196 Parties.

UN Biodiversity Agreement

Nations of the world agreed on a historic package of measures deemed vital to addressing the hazardous loss of biodiversity and restoring natural ecosystems as a two-week gathering neared its end.

The 15th Conference of Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, convened under UN auspices, chaired by China and hosted by Canada, adopted the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" (GBF), which includes four goals and 23 targets for achievement by 2030.

The Framework's 4 Overarching Global Goals

GOAL A

• All ecosystems' integrity, connectivity, and resilience will be preserved, upgraded, or restored, resulting in a significant increase in natural ecosystem area by 2050.
• Human-caused extinction of identified vulnerable species is halted. By 2050, the extinction rate and risk of all species will be decreased tenfold while native wild species abundance is increased to healthy and resilient levels.
• The genetic variety of wild and domesticated species populations is preserved, preserving their adaptive capacity.

GOAL B

• By 2050, biodiversity will be used and managed sustainably. Nature's contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, will be valued, maintained, and enhanced, with those currently in decline being restored, thereby supporting sustainable development for the benefit of present and future generations.

GOAL C

• The monetary and non-monetary benefits derived from the use of genetic resources, digital sequence information on genetic resources, and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, as applicable, are shared fairly and equitably, including, as appropriate, with indigenous peoples and local communities, and significantly increased by 2050, while ensuring traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources is appropriately protected, thereby contingency planning.

GOAL D

• Adequate means of implementation, including financial resources, capacity-building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to and transfer of technology to fully implement the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework, are secured and equitably accessible to all Parties, particularly developing countries, particularly least developed countries and small island developing states, as well as countries with transition economies, progressively closing the gap of $700 billion per year, and aligning financial flows with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity
• Framework and the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity.

Global Targets For 2030: Main Targets

• Effective conservation and management of at least 30% of the world's lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and seas, focusing on areas of exceptional importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services, is one of the global targets for 2030. The GBF stresses biologically representative, well-connected, and equitably controlled protected areas and other successful area-based conservation systems while acknowledging indigenous and traditional territories and traditions. Currently, 17% and 10% of the world's land and marine areas are protected, respectively.
• Have at least 30% of degraded terrestrial, inland water, coastal, and marine ecosystems restored or restored.
• Reduce the loss of regions of high biodiversity importance, particularly ecosystems of high ecological integrity, to near zero.
• Reduce global food waste by half and drastically reduce overconsumption and waste output. Cut surplus nutrients and the overall risk presented by pesticides and highly toxic chemicals in half.
• Subsidies that impair biodiversity by at least $500 billion per year should be phased out or reformatted by 2030, while positive incentives for biodiversity protection and sustainable usage should be increased.
• Obtain at least $200 billion annually in domestic and international biodiversity-related funding from all public and corporate sources by 2030.
• Increase international financial flows from rich to poor nations, particularly from least developed countries, small island developing states, and countries in transition, to at least $20 billion per year by 2025 and at least $30 billion annually by 2030.