Government Medical College, Patiala,Punjab was established in 1953.

Rajendra Hospital Patiala was named after the Maharaja Rajendra Singh (1856–1900) of erstwhile state. The foundation was laid down by Maharaja Yadvinder Singh on 15th April 1950. Government Medical College, Patiala was started on 29th September, 1953 at Patiala, the capital of erstwhile Pepsu State, at that time a separate State from Punjab, under the Government Of India President's rule . This was the first Medical College in Pepsu State with a population of over 20 lacs.

The Rajendra Hospital, Patiala, was under construction when the college started. The foundation stone of the college building was laid by Dr. Rajendra Parshad then President of India on 21.12.1953. The opening ceremony of Rajendra Hospital, Patiala was performed by the Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, in 1954.

It started as a 500 bedded hospital and presently it houses 1009 bedded in Rajendra Hospital Patiala and 121 bedded in T.B.Hospital, Patiala. The T.B.Hospital, Patiala has been designated as Zonal Task Force Centre of North India for involvement of Medical Colleges in RNTCP.

The Hospital is also working as State T.B.Training and Demonstration Centre for the State of Punjab and U.T.