Cotton College, Guwahati was established on 27th May, 1901 through the untiring efforts of such magnanimous and illustrious sons of the soil like Late Manik Chandra Barooah and Rai Bahadur Bhuban Ram Das, backed by the unstinted support of the intelligentsia of the region of that time.

The college is affiliated to Gauhati University, Guwahati and recognized by University Grants Commission (UGC), has identified it as a "College with Potential for Excellence" in 2005. It is accredited by National Assessment and Accreditaion Council (NAAC) with "A" Grade in the year 2004, was re-accredited the same grade by NAAC in 2001 and also was re-accredited with "A++: Grade in 2016.

The college was first affiliated to Calcutta University, Kolkata. It was under this university itself that the institution developed into a full-fledged Degree College and barring Persian, secured affiliation for the Honours for the Honours course too in all the subjects taught then.

However, with the establishment of Gauhati Uiversity in 1948, it became one of its original constituent colleges. Although Post-Graduate classes in certain subjects like English, Economics and Botany were introduced in the College at different points of time under Calcutta University itself, such classes had to be finally discontinued as part of economy drive and also because of the establishment of Gauhati University.

It was only in 1969 that the Assam State Government decided to introduce PG classes in Physics in the College on a permanent affiliation basis. Subsequently, the benefit of PG classes was extended to other subjects as well and finally on 17th October, 1992, the then Hon’ble President of India, Late Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, at a glittering function held in the premises of the college formally declared Cotton College as a Post-Graduate institution. Today, PG teaching is done in the college in as many as 21 subjects in 20 Departments. Now, the college, which began with 39 students and 5 teachers only, currently has a student enrolment of more than 5000 right from Higher Secondary to the PG level and a regular faculty strength of 189 (Gents - 85; Ladies : 104).

The college offers two year Higher Secondary Course in Arts & Science under Assam Higher Secondary Educational Council (AHSEC), Guwahati and Three year Degree Courses in Arts & Science under Gauhati University, Guwahati. The college also offers some Self-financing courses & Certificate courses.

Brief History:

Cotton College, the premier seat of higher learning in Northeast India, unequivocally occupies the pride of place among the institutions of its kind in the North-Eastern part of the country. Having contributed significantly to the academic and cultural life of the region the institution has not only withstood the test of time but has also carved a niche for itself in the sphere of higher education in the country.

Contemporaneous with Murarichand College of Sylhet (now in Bangladesh) of the undivided India under the British rule, Cotton College came into existence on 27th May, 1901 through the untiring efforts of such magnanimous and illustrious sons of the soil like Late Manik Chandra Barooah and Rai Bahadur Bhuban Ram Das, backed by the unstinted support of the intelligentsia of the region of that time.

However, had it not been for the unreserved support and concern of the then Chief Commissioner of the then Assam Province from 1896 to 1902, Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton, K.C.S.I., the institution would not have perhaps seen the light of day. While the time came, therefore, to express their sense of gratitude to the foremost popular ruler of the province, the people of "Gauhati" decided to name the institution itself after him.

The first admission took place on 17th June, 1901 with 37 students in the first year F.A. Class and 2 students in the second year of the same course. The faculty was consisted of only five members including Prof. Frederick William Südmersen (1871 – 1953), the first Principal of the college from 1901 to 1926.

The other four faculty members were Prof. Chunilal De, Prof. Indu Bhusan Brahmachary, Prof. Paresh Nath Lahiri and Prof. Maulvi Abu Nasr Muhammad Oheed. Classes during the initial years of the establishment of the College were held in the building which presently houses Chemistry Department of the College.

However, no girl student was admitted to the course. It was only in 1933 that two girl students were admitted to the first year Intermediate (Science) class of the College for the first time thus marking the beginning of co-education in the history of higher learning in this part of the country.

The College Emblem gives us all that Assam has had and as such it makes us to understand that students in their alma mater must be invigourated with the meaningful ideas that can make us great in the truest sense.

Motto:

The motto of the college "Apramattena Veddhavyam", taken from the Mundaka Upanisad signifies that knowledge in any field, whether technical, professional or general must be attained with an unfaltering aim. In attaining knowledge in proper perspective, without being perturbed by various anxieties-mundane or spiritual, one must be absorbed with one's goal in view. Remaining indifferent to obstacles or hurdles that may come along the way, one must pursue knowledge with concentration and perseverance.

It is the avowed aim of the institution, therefore, to prepare the youth to remain resolutely fixed to their goal and the ever changing values and perspectives of life so as to enable them to identify themselves as conscious, integrated and wholesome human beings capable of meeting the challenges and opportunities of life in the noblest and most disciplined way.

General Rules & Regulations at Cotton College, Guwahati:

• The students must have 75% of class attendance . Otherwise he/she will not be allowed to sit for the final exam.
• Students failing to attend classes for 15 (fifteen) days at a stretch in the first month of commencement of classes will forfeit their seats.
• All students must appear in all the examinations conducted by the College during an academic year and attend their classes regularly - the minimum attendance must be 75% of the classes held
• One month practice teaching is a must for all.
• Assignments in each subjects must be submitted in due time.
• Library books must be maintained in good condition. Any damage of book issued to students  will be fined in proportion to the damaged.
• Students must attend all the seminar classes.
• Students must participate in all the co-curricular activities.
• Smoking inside the premises is strictly prohibited.
• The management reserved the right to change the terms and conditions for admission, course content, fee charged, regulations etc.
• Strong disciplinary action may be taken if any one is found to be involved directly or indirectly in ragging College Identity Cards are issued annually. Old identity cards are to be surrendered at the end of each academic session for renewal. In case of loss of identity card, duplicate ID may be issued on payment of prescribed fees.