CBSE Class 12 Information Storage & Retrieval Marking Scheme 2026

Challenges include handling large volumes of unstructured data, ensuring privacy and security during searches, and delivering accurate results amidst diverse user queries.

Boolean logic uses operators like AND, OR, NOT to refine search queries by combining or excluding terms to filter search results effectively.

Algorithms determine how efficiently a system can locate relevant information by prioritising certain factors like keyword relevance or user behaviour patterns.

Relational databases organise data into tables with rows and columns. Each table represents an entity type with attributes defining its properties.

Backup systems create copies of important data that can be restored if original files are lost due to accidental deletion or disasters like fires or floods.