CBSE Class 12 Engineering Science Marking Scheme 2026

Simple harmonic motion occurs when an object moves back and forth around an equilibrium position under a restoring force proportional to its displacement from equilibrium, like a pendulum or spring system.

Nuclear fission involves splitting heavy atomic nuclei into smaller ones releasing energy; fusion combines light nuclei into heavier ones also releasing energy. Fission powers nuclear reactors while fusion powers stars like our Sun.

Maxwell’s equations are four fundamental equations describing how electric charges produce electric fields (Gauss’s law), magnetic fields (Gauss’s law for magnetism), how changing magnetic fields produce electric fields (Faraday’s law), and how currents produce magnetic fields (Ampère-Maxwell law).

Resonance happens when a system vibrates at its natural frequency due to an external force matching this frequency, leading to large amplitude oscillations. Examples include musical instruments producing specific notes.

Optics is used in various technologies such as cameras, microscopes, telescopes, and fibre optics communication systems.