All About Nobel Prize 2021, Sir Alfred Nobel And Facts On Nobel Prize For UPSC

The Nobel prize was established by Sir Alfred Nobel. As a result of his last will, where he mentioned giving his remaining assets to honour the efforts of those who are doing exemplary works in favour of humanity.

Since 1901, the Nobel prize has been given every year in 5 fields, in the name of Sir Alfred Nobel. These fields are Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology or Medicine and Peace. Economics was later added in 1969.

Who Was Alfred Nobel?

Sir Alfred Nobel was a prominent Swedish Scientist, Chemical engineer, Innovator, Businessman and Philanthropist. He was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden as a son of Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Nobel. However he is known as the innovator of Dynamite, there were around 355 patents on his name by the year of his death in 1896.

Although Alfred was a very clever businessman, he also had a poetic heart. His love for poetry could be sensed by the Nobel prizes he chose to be given in the field of literature.

Notable Works of Alfred Nobel

In 1867, Nobel invented Dynamite, a blasting explosive by using Nitro-glycerine with a fine sand called Kieselguhr. His other inventions include detonators, blasting caps, synthetic rubbers, explosive powders and so on.

What a Nobel Prize Winner Gets?

On November 27, 1895, Alfred signed his last will at the Swedish- Norwegian club at Paris. His total assets worth around 31,225,000 Swedish Kronor was set aside to establish 5 Nobel prizes in his name. Since 1969, with the addition of Economics, now the prize has been given in six fields. A Nobel prize winner receives 3 things, a Nobel diploma, a Nobel medal and a cash prize of Rs 7 crore 22 lakh or 10 million Swedish Kronor.

The Nobel Prize of year 2021

In 2021, the following persons are the recipients of the Nobel Prize in six fields.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021
This award was given to 3 persons. It was given to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselman for the 'physical modeling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming' and to Giorgio Parsi for the 'discovery of interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales'.

The Nobel Prize in chemistry
The prize was awarded to Benjamin List and David WC Macmillan for 'the development of asymmetric organocatalysis'.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine 2021
The prize was jointly given to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for the 'discovery of Receptors for Temperature and Touch'.

The Nobel Prize in literature 2021
Abdulrazak Gurnah was awarded for his 'uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the Gulf between culture and continents'.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2021
It was jointly given to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov for 'their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is the precondition for democracy and lasting peace'.

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Science or Nobel Prize 2021
It was given to David Card for his empirical contributions to labour economics. Also was jointly given to Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens for 'their methodological contribution to the analysis of casual relationships'.

Facts On Nobel Prize For Examination

Here are some of the important facts we are presenting for examination purposes about Nobel prizes.

• The first Indian to get the Nobel Prize was Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore in the field of literature for his renowned work Gitanjali in 1913.
• Total 9 Indians have received the Nobel Prize so far.
• In 1930 the Nobel Prize was awarded to doctor CV Raman for the discovery of Raman effect in the field of Physics and in 1983 to Subramanyam Chandrashekhar.
• In 1968 Dr Hargobind khorana won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for interpretation of genetic code and it's function in protein system.
• After Amartya Sen in 1999, it was Abhijeet Banerjee who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2019.
• Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
• The Nobel Prize was awarded to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for Chemistry, 2009 and Kailash Satyarthi for Peace in 2014.
• Since its inception the Nobel Prize has been awarded 58 times to women. Marie Curie was the first and only woman to receive the Nobel prize twice in Physics and Chemistry for discovery of Radium and Polonium.
• Since 1901, a total of 609 Nobel Prizes have been awarded so far.
• The Nobel prize in Economics was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank).
• Recipients who were under arrest at the time of award ceremony were German pacifist and journalist Carl von Ossietzky, Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi and Chinese human rights activist Liu Xiaobo.